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1- DWINDLING FLOCKS and VANISHING COBAN KOPEGI

2-CASTRATION FOR ECONOMY 

 Keci ve Koyun surulerinin yokolmasi Coban Iti nufusunu nasil etkiliyor? Kizilcam, keciyi nasil yokediyor?



 Asinan Suruler ve Yokolan Coban Kopegi*

Turkiye yuzolcum olarak Yunanistan’dan bes kez daha buyuk olmasina ragmen, Turkiye’deki keci nufusu 5 milyon iken Yunanistan’daki keci nufusu 4 milyon. Turkiye’deki goreli dusuk keci nufusunun ve bunun surekli azalmasinin nedeni, keciye konvensiyonel olumsuz bakis ve orman idarelerinin, hukumetlerin ve dolayisiyla insanlarin onu olumsuz algilayislaridir. Inanc odur ki, “keci herseyi yer ve ormanlara zararlidir”.  

Yumusak ve sert odunlu, karisik bir ormanda kecileri izleyen herkes bilir ki keciler, eger secenekleri varsa yumusak odunlu (Kizilcam gibi) agaclari tercih etmezler. Herhangi bir keci turu icin cam agaci en son tercih edilen agactir. Turkiye’de ormanlarin %99’unun sahibi devlettir. Yunanistan’da ise ormanlarin %77’si devletindir. Camlar, yakacak, mobilya ve kagit endustrisi icin hammadde saglarlar. Devletin olusturdugu ve sahib oldugu ormanlar cogunlukla cam agaclaridir. Bu plantasyonlar  Akdeniz iklimi olan yerlerde cogunlukla Kizilcamdan olusukturlar ki, keciler bu agaclari sadece genclerken ve Maki gibi yerli bitki toplulugu, orman idaresince kazindigi zaman yemek durumunda kalirlar cunku dikilen bu agaclardan baska yiyecekleri kalmaz.

Makiler, Akdeniz iklimlerinde gorulen, adacayi, kekik, oregano, biberiye, meyan, deli zeytin, ardic, dag cilegi, piynar, tavsanak, sabilga, kengir, superge otu ve benzeri cali ve agaclardan olusuktur. Bu bitkiler...

 


CASTRATION FOR ECONOMY

 

A vet friend of mine recently attempted to castrate a Buck who was 8 years old; he died in three days in pain. His witty reasoning was to eat buck meat without any buck odor! He did not castrate him early, because he used him as a stud buck for several years. Then the buck died in agony after all his service! This is how humane people can be, including industry sponsored vets.

 

If we look at Old Spanish cattle history, Spanish had no neutering practices and they bred the Long Horn that formed the basis of American cattle industry for about 100 years. No castration was practiced on the black fighting Bulls and they were the basis of the Long Horn Cattle. Steers exhibit a different horn growth compared to Bulls. J.F. Dobie, in his book the Longhorns noted “Bull horns were generally thick and stubby, though some grew rather long, and many were very sharp. Stag males castrated late in life, develop horns more like those of a bull than those of a steer.” Neutering pets is another modern practice like cattle or dog shows or pedigree keeping.

 

Both growing an ASD to its full potential and neutering it at the same time are not possible. Should neutering happen before the dog is 9 months old or before it starts marking its territory by raising his leg he will end up with an incomplete growth. The ASDs enlarge their bulk after about 9 months old and that is when their heads become larger and this process continues all the way up to 20 months. The humane approach would be to shoot the dog that needs to be neutered. For some the process of cutting that is neutering must be required to make the dog complete! The alternative humane approach is neutering the dog when it is about a week old, like a castrated child, when it bleeds less and feels less pain.

 

Neutering a dog when it is 24 months old would give its owner a larger dog only. However the neutered dogs cannot secrete the same hormones that the intact ones can. Therefore they cannot excel at their protective duties. The trauma that the dogs go through is not humane (I have a different understanding of being humane), considering the age of the dog.

 

Castration specialists do not consider the effect of the hormones on the mental and physical health of the dog into consideration. All the hormones produced by the brain have purposes. They are regulators, triggers and even neutralizers.

 

Some ASD owners advocate neutering the dogs so that they would not wander for mating purposes. ASDs are roamers and the negative aspect of roaming is offset by their territoriality. Roaming is also an extending patrolling. An ASD whose instinct has not been removed via surgery will evaluate its territory differently than the neutered one. For such a dog, the distance it can see is its territory. Today roaming may not be acceptable for farm conditions, but then a mastiff and a Ridgeback or a GSD could do the same job. Why do we need an ASD? I know roamer dogs that come back with foxes and wolves and wild boar piglets. On the other hand I know a female ASD in Turkey that the shepherd initially thought was a cowardly dog, but then he realized that she loves sheep. If she were neutered when she was very young, the shepherd could not possibly know how good a shepherd dog she was. She could not have reached the stage of being selected as a good breeding dog.  She was a white dog and it was impossible to tell that there was a dog in the flock. She was very quiet. She would just stick her head among the sheep and watch. Some males do the same thing. They are never castrated. Let’s keep in mind that what an ASD means, not what it is that we envision. It is now time to admit that “neuter” is a safe, soft and dishonest word which we exchange for “castration”.

 

Above is a clue for cattle ranchers in the USA who are concerned about wolf attacks on the cattle. Cattle protection requires roaming. People discussed this before and concluded that ASDs are not good for cattle protection, however there are Turkish cattle dogs that protect cattle that I have seen in Kayseri in central Anatolia and Rize in northwest Anatolia. Most Turkish dogs roam because of the historical and traditional animal husbandry in Anatolia.  

 

The question that needs to be posed to the pro-castration folks is: What makes the dog roam or what goes on in the mind of the dog that makes it roam?”

 

I have different approaches of reasoning against the castration, but I also believe that the owner should make the final decision and should not be judged or prosecuted by the clubs or animal rights hobbyists.

 

The animal rightists as a political power needs to be approached carefully when castration in discussed. I met a few of them. According to them “it is OK to crop the tail of a hunting dog, but it is not OK to crop a tail of a GSD or crop the ears of an ASD, yet the dewclaws must go! Castration is healthy. It is about animal welfare. It is OK to make double holes on the both ears of a cow to tag her, but it is not OK shoot a fox, and again it is acceptable to kill badgers suspected having TB”. If it exists, I cannot follow their divisive logic. People can be so hypocritical. They respect more the rights of a dog, but they do not respect the animals that they eat. The same mentality secretes beliefs like “A horse is a noble animal, but a cow is dumb.” I can extend this infected mentality right into the politics but it is not necessary. I have visited a cattle market and watched cattle cry with large tears in their eyes as their horns are cut of with saws as their faces covered with blood. Yet a group of people in the USA is putting all their efforts into stopping Greyhound races!

 

There is a very simple description of a neutralized animal: testicle-less, ovum-less animal. But it is not the same with ear-less or dew-claw-less, because it is about a future without any reproductive possibility. 

 

This is not about animal rights. It is about communistic repression. A dog without ears can still pass its genes, but it is not possible without the reproductive organs. Those two surgeries cannot be compared.

 My sister neutered her English Cocker recently when the dog was about eight years old, because she did not want to breed her. She was neutered when it was clear that she was going to have health problems and it was too late to breed her.

The vets might say “well it is good for the animal’s health, if it is not going to be bred”. What if he or she needs to be bred late in their lives? I know a few bitches that they have not been bred until they were 6 years olds and then they gave birth to healthy puppies from promising males. Apart from that I really believe that we need to ask another question which is “what happens when we castrate?” Take at a look at the bull’s case; it becomes more docile, when it becomes a steer/bullock. Bulls are not suitable for draft purposes but only oxen. A horse is converted into a gelding because the rider needs a calmer and more manageable horse. It is the same with the dogs. Docility is the opposite of aggression and protection requires aggression without violence. If one does not need protection then he does not need a protection dog like ASD. Yet some recent research about the behavior change in dogs after the surgery found that castrated dogs could become more aggressive than their intact siblings. This kind of aggression is one that is caused by the lack of balancing hormones that they are supposed to be part of the general mechanism of the dog. The appointed experts are like children who like to fix things even when they are not broken. No wonder they end up with comics instead of real characters. Striping the organs and qualities of animals and plants in order to optimize or rather maximize their production is simply modern Frankesteinism. I wonder why modern Frankesteins build new domestic life forms by combining various organic parts of animals and plants. Perhaps they work on this subject in cooperation with GM voodooists.

 Another concern: most of the time someone who is experienced enough can tell about the temperament of a dog when the dog is about a month old, but there are exceptions. Some dogs show their true color when they are 6-9 months old. I had an ASD and he was a coward until he was 5 months old and one day he transformed into a Samurai.  Had he been castrated he would not have had a chance to pass his valuable genes. Some dogs need an opportunity to show their deeply buried values. Some dogs are shy like people, but they can change when they are in a comfort zone or when they accomplish something important for them.  

Again, agreeing with the castration practice in general is one thing; managing and oppressing the owner of the animal is another. The owner should have the final word about what part of the animal needs to be chopped off, not the institutions of technocracy or irresponsible but authorized, power hungry midgets of bureaucracy.  I find it hard to listen to the so-called “animal lovers” when they repeat the memorized slogans about animal welfare. The impression they make is if you are not like them, then you must not be an animal lover. Does it sound familiar to you? “He that is not with me is against me”. This dilemma is so false that it can only generate fallacy.

  I wonder if anyone calculated the money annually spent on “chop off operations” on dogs and cats in the USA and in the United Europe. The dogs and the cats are not the beneficiaries for certain.  

Sep 03, 2006  Previously appeared in Choban Chatter in Spring 2008

..

DWINDLING FLOCKSS and VANISHING COBAN KOPEGI

 Turkey, five times larger than Greece has only 5 million goats compared to Greece’s 4 million goats. The main reason behind the low numbers and continuously decreasing population of goats is their conventional negative evaluation and perception by the forest administrations, governments and eventually people. The belief is that goats eat everything and are detrimental to the forests.  

Anyone observed goats in a mixed forest composed of soft and hard wood would tell that goats do not prefer soft wood trees to eat if they have a choice. Pine is the last choice of any goat breed. The Government in Turkey owns pine forests. Pines provide raw material for burning wood, sawmill and the paper industry. Government owned and created forests of Turkey are primarily compiled of red pines in the Mediterranean regions which goat would only eat either when the pine trees are very young provided the native vegetation is shaved by forestry or when they have nothing else to eat.  

Maquis are shrubland in Mediterranean that is composed of over 20 densely growing shrubs including sage, juniper, rosemary, thyme, oregano, wild olive, bushy oak trees that do not grow over 12 feet high.  Maquis are not considered forests by the official voice, although they cover the ground better than tall trees and conserve more water. When the native vegetation like maqui forests are cleared by the forestry and planted and replaced with year old pines, the main diet of goats, deciduous perennials that could adequately support goats dissapear. One of the reasons of this systematic destruction of the maquis by the forestry is to make available space for the pine trees. This tailored and forced perception via the artificial change of the native fauna leave goats no choice but to eat young pine trees although goats pose no threat to mature trees whatsoever. When goats are banned from the artificial pine forests of government, goat shepherds have no choice but to sell their goats and move to the cities. Not only the goat and sheep shepherds but also villages in or near the forests are expected to relocate to the city in the near future. This threatens over 10 million villagers. 

Sheep are not totally safe from the abuse of the forest regulations, since they can also mildly damage the young pines like goats. Both goats and sheep eat the new growth of pine trees in the spring when the shoots are soft and easy to digest. They loose their interest in the pines at the other seasons, because old needles have no nutritional value.  

The commercial pine plantations protected by law in fact destroyed the native oak forests of Anatolia since red pine, Pinus Brutia is an invasive tree which does not allow most native plants to grow underneath. Fire resistant, oak forests were a good source of fodder for the native Black Hair Goats of Anatolia as well as to deer, wild boars and insects and birds. 

Shepherds who own less than fifty goats or sheep do not keep a shepherd dog, which leads to accelerated decimation of the dogs. Shepherds of both sheep and goats are not allowed to enter national parks anymore and this has caused mass sales of flocks in highlands since highland pastures are a must for almost all the flocks of Anatolia when the lowland vegetation is dead beginning in April in the lowland areas. 

In 2007 in some regions of Turkey like Bolu, mixed flocks of both sheep and goats are allowed in the mature forest because of the drought, but this temporary allowance will not save the flocks. The sheep flocks I have seen in the northern Anatolia, such as the Bolu highlands have begun carrying only one dog in September of this year, because of the decreasing number of their flock sizes. The same is true in the southern part of Turkey, the Antalya highlands. I encountered flocks without dogs, which is not normal. If we take one dog for hundred goats as a standard, by taking into account the fact that 10 million goats have been eradicated in Turkey in the last 30 years; I can safely claim that 10 thousand shepherd dogs were lost in the last thirty years. This also roughly translates itself that about 5-10 thousand wolves lost their prey base and died out in Turkey. 

The political reason behind eliminating the traditional pastoral life in Turkey is to decrease the number of village population as the European Community, EC and World Trade Organization, WTO requested this.  

Goats and sheep evolved with the local fauna of Anatolia and they are only detrimental to the vegetation when their numbers exceed the carrying capacity of the land, which the opposite is the case for Turkey. Turkey consumes less meat from EC countries and imports beef and lamb and goat meat consumption is discouraged by the government through arranged medical voices. Shepherds currently are forced to sell their sheep and goats and either move to the cities or become milk cow farmers that benefits large milk processors.  The maqui forests especially need goats since maquis evolved with goats too. Destroying maquis land destroyed wild life in the Mediterranean climate zones of Anatolia. Migratory birds, wild boards, deer, hyenas, karakuls were negatively affected from the planned destruction of the maquis land along with goats and local culture along with shepherd dogs. 

ASDs cannot be preserved in the kennels with pedigree keeping, health certificate collections and dog shows. Once goats and sheep are brought back to where they belong, ASDs will prosper. Until then invasive, easily combustible, pine tree planting with bad water retention abilities like red pines should be stopped; goats urgently must be declared not dangerous to the grown forests as long as the stock density permits and then reintroduced. Shepherds love their goats and do not want to be milk cow employees of the milk processors. Goats have become scapegoats and ASDs need them to exist. We have no idea about the qualities of the lost subtypes of goats, sheep and dogs that were lost in the last 30 years. The frustrating inevitable fact is their exponential evaporation.  

Appeared in Choban Chatter in 2007